Natural Chocolate Wonders

Natural chocolate is a perfect hybrid of words and meaning. But recent examinations of the benefits and makeup of chocolate support the claim that natural chocolate may be good or you. Chocolate serves as a natural relaxer, an antioxidant, and a positive health contributor. Natural chocolate is actually made from the seeds of the cacao tree, commonly derived from cacao beans.

Natural chocolate benefits derive from products pressed from the cocoa bean and not made from the cocoa butter product cooked from the fruits of the cacao tree. Natural chocolate will include the high concentration necessary and associated with European dark chocolate made with less sugar.

If chocolate consumption represents one percent of the American diet, it is from fatty products loaded with sugar. Natural chocolate is more regularly found in bitter chocolate products like baking chocolate, specialty bars and special natural chocolate products found in organic food stores. It is not likely to be in very sweet and sugary chocolate candy or chocolate products with milk added.

Consuming natural chocolate does not share the same dietetic stigma today of consuming candy and other forms, since products used for cake frosting, chocolate chips, and ice cream are filled with fat, sugar and preservatives. To determine if a product contains the benefits of natural chocolate, make sure the ingredients do not contains cocoa butter or dark colorings.

Eating natural chocolate has become a significant choice for a snack. As a meal supplement or dessert, natural chocolate is a snack that is less empty that other fat filled sugary and starchy snacks. This does not mean that any chocolate candy bar automatically applies. Dark chocolate includes falconoid, which is present in natural chocolate but gets filtered out in the processing of other chocolate products such as syrup, powders, and candy.

Natural chocolate exists when no chemicals or alkalis have been applied in the fermentation and manufacturing process, Natural chocolate may be considered something like a glass of wine or a frozen yogurt for enjoyment with a side benefit. Adding natural chocolate cocoa to your morning coffee may keep high blood pressure down, circulation up, and the heart healthier.

The Flavenols and Flavenoids in natural chocolate can exhibit health benefits that mimic prunes, blueberries, and coffee. Natural chocolate may have caffeine in it, but doctors now show that caffeine found in coffee may also have the same kinds of health benefits, include living a year longer and analgesic or serotonin effects on the body

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The Earth's Structure

We know today, that the earth is surrounded by earth's crust consisting of a relatively light rock. Underneath is the earth's mantle. On the outside, the mantle is formed by a solid rock, which turns liquid as it descends closer to the earth's core. The core consists of two parts, the outer and the inner core, and its material is mostly iron. The temperature of the inner core is probably similar to the temperature that exists on the surface of the sun.

Our continents and the ocean floor are on the outer layer of the earth, the earth's crust. Compared to the entire radius of the earth (the median earth's radius measures 6.370 kilometres), the earth's crust is very thin. Underneath the oceans, the thickness of the earth's crust measures between 8 to 15 kilometres. Underneath the continents it reaches 30 to 100 kilometres into the interior. Underneath Central Valley in California, for example, the earth's crust is only 20 kilometres thick, while underneath the Himalayas it reaches the depth of 90 kilometres. In the upper crust, the seismic waves travel at very different speeds. This indicates the existence of a great variety of rocks.

Between the crust and the upper mantle is a prominent boundary, named after its discoverer the Mohorovi discontinuity, or Moho for short. When analysing seismological data, Mohorovi discovered that in that particular place the travelling speed of seismic waves noticeably changes, which also means that there is a different material in the earth's core.

In comparison with the ocean crust, the structure of the continental crust is much more varied and stronger. It contains rocks that are up to 3,8 million years old. The effects of wind erosion, deformation, rising and lowering created many diverse layers. The surface is often formed by sediments and volcanic rocks, which have a very low density. Underneath we find a folded metamorphic sedimentary layer, linked partially to a granitic layer. The lower portion of the crust contains crystallised and metamorphic rock layers extending all the way to the earth's mantle.

In contrast, the structure of the ocean crust is relatively simple. It consists of smaller number of layers. First, there is a firm sediment measuring from a few hundred metres to up to three kilometres. Underneath this sediment we find a layer consisting of hard rock - mainly basalt and a minor admixture of sedimentary rock. This layer measures on the average 1,5 kilometre. It is followed by a five-kilometre thick layer of basalt or gabbro, which is penetrated by giant cones of magma streaming up from the earth's mantle. The temperature in the earth's interior rises in direct relation to the depth. Starting from the earth surface, we estimate that the temperature rises 30 degrees Celsius with each kilometre into the earth's interior.

The earth's mantle, situated underneath the earth's crust, represents approximately 82 percent of the earth's volume and 67 percent of its total mass. The seismic waves and volcanic debris provide information concerning its composition. Based on its physical properties, we can divide the relatively cool earth's mantle into upper and lower layers. Analogous to what is happening in the earth's crust, here, too, we register changes in the seismic waves. These changes occur in a specific area, in the depth of 100 to 200 kilometres. This region is called the Gutenberg Zone. It is possible, that the cause of the deviation of these waves is the convective flow in the interior of the earth.

The earth's crust and the upper part of the earth's mantle, up to the Gutenberg Zone, form the lithosphere. The asthenosphere, which is less firm, lies underneath. The asthenosphere and the lithosphere are interactive. When material from the asthenosphere rises in the Mid-Oceanic Ridge, it becomes lithosphere. In the subductive zones (when one plate slides underneath the neighbouring plate - proof-reader's note), the opposite occurs. In the middle of the earth's mantle the density increases and so does the speed of the seismic waves (P-waves). The lower part of the mantle consists mainly of silicon. Having a density of 9,4 gram per square centimetre it is connected to the earth's core. This region is called Wiechert-Gutenberg discontinuity.

We know relatively very little about the earth's core. Seismic waves penetrate the core only partially or are deflected by it. While its inner part, with a diameter of 2400 kilometres, consists of solid iron and nickel, the outer core, which is 2300 kilometres thick, is molten iron and nickel. According to calculations, the density of the earth's core is four times higher than the density of the earth's crust. Iron is the only substance we know that has this density, and it is therefore more than likely that it forms most of the earth's core

Formation of Natural Gas

When we use natural gas powered heaters and stoves in our homes, we usually neglect to ponder the fact that these modern conveniences are made possible by a natural substance of ancient origin. Even the electricity supplied by utility companies often relies on natural gas for production. Natural gas, which is composed primarily of methane, is an important source of energy in the world today, burning cleaner and producing less harmful emissions than other fuels. With the widespread use and reliance on natural gas, one can easily forget that this key source of energy originated from organisms which lived millions of years ago.

Several differing theories attempt to explain the true origin of natural gas, though the most widely accepted explanation is that natural gas forms from the remains of ancient microorganisms as well as plant and animal matter that have undergone conditions of extreme heat and pressure over very long periods of time. As such organic matter is buried by increasing amounts of mud and sediment over time, the resulting pressure forces it further underground, compressing the matter and subjecting it to the high temperatures that exist deep within the earth. Intense compression and high temperature conditions cause carbon bonds in the organic matter to break down, a chemical transformation resulting in the formation of natural gas and other fossil fuels.

Another way natural gas is formed is by microorganisms known as methanogens. Methanogens are microscopic organisms which live in environments devoid of oxygen and chemically decompose organic matter, creating methane as a byproduct. Contrary to the natural gas formed by compression of organic matter under intense pressure at great depths, methane created by methanogens is typically found closer to the earth's surface where the organisms live.

Once natural gas forms within the earth, its low density causes it to rise through the path of least resistance, often escaping the earth's crust and dissipating into the atmosphere. But natural gas deposits that are sought for extraction by companies such as Western Pipeline Corporation form when impermeable rock "traps" the natural gas within the earth, preventing it from escaping and causing it to collect, creating a reservoir.

Natural gas is usually located within such reservoirs floating atop oil deposits, which have formed reservoirs in much the same way. However, deposits containing only natural gas are not unusual. Both the oil and natural gas may be extracted by drilling into the impermeable rock restricting the fossil fuels to the reservoir. The natural pressure already present within the reservoir allows the fossil fuels to escape on their own once the rock containing them is penetrated.

Once natural gas is extracted from the earth, it is treated (if necessary) and distributed to supply the energy on which much of the world relies.

A Comparison Between Natural and Synthetic Products

There is growing concern regarding the use of natural products over synthetically engineered products. Many of today's ailments may be linked to the lack of natural products in our lives. It may be beneficial to detoxify your environment to promote overall health and wellness.

Natural health products, for example, may be more effective at being absorbed into the body. Synthetic products may have extra ingredients that are not necessarily healthy. Many synthetic products contain dyes, preservatives, and a multitude of other ingredients that do not offer any health benefit. These same ingredients may also contribute to allergies. Natural products offer the possibility of avoiding the chemicals contributing to allergies and other illnesses.

Take note that there is very little supporting documentation in support for either type of product. However, it is logical to conclude that utilizing natural health products in your life can only benefit you. Most natural health products come at a higher cost. This higher cost is no comparison to the possible health benefits in your life. Think about how nice it would be to control your allergies or illness using products that are all obtained from the highest quality sources and natural sources instead of synthetically created products.

For example, I have discovered personally that medicines prescribed for cholesterol management come with many side effects. Such as muscle pain and leg pain. Where as, I have found a couple of naturally based products that are helping me personally and I have seen no side effects to date. I've been taking the natural products for about a year now. There are a couple of natural products that I have found. They are derived from plants and/or soy protein.

Another finding which supports the concept that natural sources are better than synthetic is the research done on Vitamin E.

It was found that naturally obtained Vitamin E was absorbed and retained better than synthetic Vitamin E. Researchers have long known that natural vitamin E, milligram for milligram, is about 36 percent more potent than the synthetic form of the vitamin. In fact, the "international unit," or IU, standard was developed to compensate for these differences. But two studies using different groups of people - not laboratory animals - have found that natural vitamin E is utilized twice as efficiently as the synthetic form. "Natural vitamin E may cost twice as much , but you get twice as much bang for your buck," Graham W. Burton, PhD, told The Nutrition Reporter. Burton, a researcher at the National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, directed one of the studies.(Retrieved from The Nutrition Reporter March 25,2006,

I can only speak from personal experience, but what I have learned so far is that the more natural you can make your environment the better. Remove the toxins from your environment it can only benefit you in the long run. How often have you heard about various everyday chemicals in our environment found to cause cancer? If we all work towards utilizing natural health products and household items containing more natural ingredients we might be able to prevent illnesses like cancer or control conditions like asthma and high cholesterol

Author Rich Marsiglia

Are Natural Gas Vehicles Safe?

Natural gas is an environmentally clean, plentiful, low-cost, domestically-produced fuel for motor vehicles. But is it a safe fuel? Any automobile fuel can be dangerous if handled improperly. Fuels contain energy which must be released by burning. Gasoline is a potentially dangerous fuel, but, over time, we have learned to use it safely. The same is true of natural gas. Natural gas safely generates our electricity, heats our homes and cooks our meals. But, like gasoline, natural gas must be understood and respected to be used safely.

Natural gas is a naturally occurring fuel which requires very little processing before use. Chemically it normally consists of over 90% methane with smaller amounts of ethane, propane, butane, carbon dioxide and other trace gases. The high methane content gives natural gas its high octane rating (120-130) and clean-burning characteristics, allowing high engine efficiency and low emissions. As with all vehicle fuels, natural gas can be used safely if simple, common sense procedures are followed. In fact, natural gas has safety advantages compared to gasoline and diesel: it is non-toxic, and has no potential for ground or water contamination in the event of a fuel release. An odorant is added to provide a distinctive and intentionally disagreeable smell which is easy to recognize.

The odor is detectable at one-fifth of the gas' lower flammability limit. Natural gas vehicles have an excellent safety record for two primary reasons: the properties of the fuel itself and the integrity of the natural gas vehicle and its fuel delivery system. Natural gas has a very limited range of flammability - it will not burn in concentrations below about five percent or above about 15% when mixed with air. Gasoline and diesel burn at much lower concentrations and ignite at lower temperatures. Although it takes very little energy to ignite a flammable mixture of air and natural gas, gasoline, or diesel, natural gas burns at a somewhat lower temperature.

From the gas field to the vehicle's engine, natural gas requires very little processing to make it suitable for use as a fuel. Gasoline and diesel must be processed from crude oil in large and complex oil refineries. After water vapor, sulfur and heavy hydrocarbons are removed, natural gas flows by pipeline (the safest way to transport energy) directly to the fueling station where it is compressed for use. Alternatively it may be liquefied at cryogenic temperatures on site or at a central facility and delivered by truck. Gasoline and diesel are delivered to fueling stations by tank trucks over the highway. At a compressed natural gas fueling station the gas is compressed before being provided to vehicles at 3000 to 3600 pounds per square inch (psi). Stations can deliver a "fast fill" to vehicles in minutes or, using a "slow fill" strategy, in a few hours to overnight.

Although the use of high storage pressures might appear dangerous, compression, storage and fueling of natural gas vehicles meet stringent industry and government safety standards. Natural gas powered vehicles are designed and built to be safe both in normal operation and in crashes. New natural gas vehicles are subjected to the same crash tests as other vehicles. Natural gas vehicle fuel systems must meet Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards 303 and 304. Natural gas cylinders are much thicker and stronger than gasoline or diesel tanks. Industry standards require them to withstand 11,250 fill cycles, and endure far beyond normal environmental and service damage risks.

Although there are approximately 85,000 natural gas vehicles now operating in the United States, there has not been a fuel tank rupture in over two years. In Italy, with over 300,000 NGVs in operation, there was only one fuel tank rupture during the last three years.

In conclusion, technical data, appropriate safety regulations and years of experience show natural gas vehicles to be as safe as, or safer than, conventionally fueled vehicles

Why the Conservation of Energy and Natural Resources Is So Important

Enjoyment of life and natural energy are intertwined as to the continuance of existence and enjoyment of life here on earth. For without natural energy, life would not be enjoyed to the fullest. Natural energy is important not only to the living things but also to the earth as a whole. They come from natural resources such as water, sun, air, and minerals. Conservation of natural energy is essential because it allows us to save things that can be used anytime when we need them in order for us to stay alive. We cannot surely survive without air to breathe, water to drink and food to eat. Natural energy itself produces a vast advantage on the part of the people.

There are two classes of natural energy, the renewable energy and non renewable energy. The energy which is produced from natural resources which can be constantly generated and can be use whenever we need them is called renewable energy. The most common example for this is the solar energy and wind energy. The sun is one of the sources of solar energy that generates the richest of energy obtainable on earth. The energy from the sun is useful as it can be transformed to electricity. The wind energy is also one of the outstanding resources use to produce electric energy. The windmill or the wind turbine is a machine that transforms wind into electric energy and it harnesses the natural resources which is the current of air. While the energy which is taken from the sources that are available in short supply of quantity and can be used only for a short period of time is called non-renewable sources. They cannot be regenerated and will usually be consumed. Non-renewable sources include oil, coal, fossil fuels and natural gas. They are not environment friendly and one of the causes of global warning.

There are lots of reasons that all of us most consider why the conservation of natural energy and natural resources is important:

1. It has a big effect on the atmosphere for it save the environment from damaging thus preserving the natural resources as well as human life.


2. For the family who is in a tight budget, it is beneficial to them for they can save a lot of money out from the electric bill usage down to the fuel consumption.


3. Natural energy helps in eliminating the consumption of fossil fuel therefore preventing air pollution.


4. Reducing the effect of global warming and climate change which is usually caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.


5. Conserving undeveloped lands help in protecting wildlife which is already endangered nowadays.


6. Natural energy is cost effective as it requires low maintenance.


7. It is not only important for our present existence but also for the next generation.

We should be thankful about the benefits of the natural energy to our life. We can help in conserving our natural resources by planting trees and recycling waste material which can substantially reduce the need for energy. Those are the simple things that we can do for the conservation of the environment. Natural energy must not be wasted and should be taken care of because they are indeed part of our daily lives. Love and respect are what they need as they are giving us the main things that we want in life. Mother Nature must be given all the appreciation not to be abused such that, it will give us the things we need in our way of life not only in this present time but also to those generation to come.

Much as what we want to do the things here on earth for the satisfaction of life, nevertheless, we will not disregard the paramount importance which is the respect accorded to the mother earth for purposes of making it the best place to live with, for it is the source of all natural energy that can be used of by the people. Development of science in discovering the natural energy should not run a foul as to the basic tenet of preserving the mother earth. While it is true that it can help augment the needs of the people for the enjoyment of life, it is notwithstanding the fact that giving value in the preservation of all natural resources that earth provides must be given all weight than enjoyment of life itself. By its very own purpose, energy derived from the universe must be by nature has a multitude positive effect of the people's survival.

For all intents and purposes, in order to enjoy life to its fullest sense natural energy must be preserved and conserved for its continuance supply however limited, but scientific discoveries must be in concurrence to the preservation of the mother earth. By considering the advancement of technology, it is not impossible that we will be using natural energy as one of the most powerful sources of energy here on earth